HOW DO BACTERIA CAUSE PYREXIA? (FROM DROPLETS TO ZOONOTIC)

Authors

  • Dr. M.V. Raghavendra Rao Scientist-Emeritus, Director, Central research laboratory, Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Telangana state, Hyderabad, India
  • Jattavathu Madhavi Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, AP, India
  • Dilip Mathai Professor of Medicine, Dean, Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Telangana State, Hyderabad, India
  • Vijay Kumar Associate Professor, Department of Pulmonology, Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Telangana State, Hyderabad, India
  • Chennam Chetty Associate Professor, Department of Pulmonology, Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Telangana State, Hyderabad, India
  • Abrar Khan Professor, Dean of Basic sciences, American University School of Medicine, Aruba, Caribbean Islands,
  • Srinivasa Rao Assistant Professor, Department of Biotechnology, Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, AP, India
  • Tiara Calvo Professor, Department of Physiology, American University School of Medicine Aruba, Caribbean Islands.
  • Gil Apacible Professor of Anatomy and pathology, American University School of Medicine Aruba, Caribbean Islands.
  • Frank Michael Navarrete Associate Professor department of Neuroscience American University School of Medicine, Aruba, Caribbean Islands,
  • Abigail Apacible Associate Professor of Behavioral Science and Histology, American University School of Medicine Aruba, Caribbean islands.

Keywords:

Bartonella henselae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pontiac fever, Rickettsia prowazekii, Salmonella typhi and para typhi A,B and C, Borrelia burgdorferi,Coxiella burnetii

Abstract

“Fever is most common systemic manifestation of the inflammatory response and cardinal symptoms of infectious diseases and are subject to physical and chemical stimuli”

Possible mechanism of fever production is the ultimate regulators of body temperature are the thermoregulatory centers in the hypothalamus. The causative agent in scarlet fever is Gropup A Streptococcus (GAS) AS, a gram-positive coccus that grows in chains. 

The bacteria is the causative agent of strep throat, impetigo, erysipelas, cellulitis, and necrotizing fasciitis. Brucella melitensis is the most aggressive strain which produces malignant type of human disease. The fever usually rises in the afternoon. Its fall during the night is accompanied by drenching sweat. Bartonella bacilliformis causes Oroya fever. It is transmitted through sand flies. The Pontiac fever illness shows high fever, chills, malaise, nonproductive cough, hypoxia,diarrhea,and delirium. Typhoid fever syndrome is produced mainly by S. typhi,S.paratyphi. Stepladder like fever. The development of ARF (Acute rheumatic fever) occurs approximately two weeks after S. pyogenes infection Acute rheumatic fever is a delayed sequela of pharyngitis due to Streptococcus pyogenes, which are also called group A Streptococcus or group A strep.Q fever is a disease caused by the bacteria Coxiella burnetii. This bacteria naturally infects some animals, such as goats, sheep, and cattle.

References

"Scarlet Fever: A Group A Streptococcal Infection". Center for Disease Control and Prevention. 19 January 2016. Archived from the original on 12 March 2016. Retrieved 12 March 2016.

Marijon, E; Mirabel, M; Celermajer, DS; Jouven, X (10 March 2012). "Rheumatic heart disease". Lancet. 379 (9819): 953–64.

"Brucellosis". American Heritage Dictionary. Archived from the original on 2011-06-06

. Masato Tsukahara,1,* Hidehiro Tsuneoka,2 Hidechika Iino,1 Ichiro Murano,3 Hirohiko Takahashi,4 and Masashi Uchida5

"General Information- Pontiac Fever". HPA. Retrieved 2013-04-07.

Fitzgerald DW (2015) Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dolin R (eds). Bennett’s Principle and Practice of Infectious Disease. 8thedn. Philadelphia: Churchill Livingstone, Elsevier,pp: 2787-2818.

World Health Organization (WHO) (2014) Global tuberculosis report.

Epidemiology and Statistics | Q Fever | CDC". www.cdc.gov. 2019-09-16. Retrieved 2020-05-27

Petros C. Karakousis,1,* Michele Trucksis,2 and J. Stephen Dumler3, hronic Q Fever in the United States,J Clin Microbiol. 2006 Jun; 44(6): 2283–2287.

Fournier, Pierre-Edouard. "Human Pathogens in Body and Head Lice". PMID 12498677. Retrieved October 17, 2010.

Raffatellu M, Wilson RP, Winter SE, Bäumler AJ. Clinical pathogenesis of typhoid fever. Journal of infection in developing countries. 2008;2:260–266

Crump JA,Mintz ED.Global trends in typhoid and paratyphoid fever.cli.Inf.Dis.2010;50:241-6

Marks E Von kalkreuth,V Aasby P et al. Incidence of invasive Salmonella disease in sub Saharan Africa, a multicenter population-based surveillance study.Lancet.Glob.Health 2017,s;e 110-13.

Cru1mp JA, Luby SP, Mintz ED. The global burden of typhoid fever. Bull World Health Organ 2004; 82:346–53

De Jong, H.K.; Parry, C.M.; van der Vaart, T.W.; Kager, L.M.; van den Ende, S.J.; Maude, R.R.; Wijedoru, L.; Ghose, A.; Hassan, M.U.; Hossain, M.A.; et al. Activation of coagulation and endothelium with concurrent impairment of anticoagulant mechanisms in patients with typhoid fever. J. Infect. 2018, 77, 60–67

Ferretti, Joseph; Kohler, Werner (February 2016). "History of Streptococcal Research". Streptococcus Pyogenes: Basic Biology to Clinical Manifestations.

Orent W (2006). "A Brief History of Staph". Proto Magazine.

Tossa, Paul; Deloge-Abarkan, Magali; Zmirou-Navier, Denis; Hartemann, Philippe; Mathieu, Laurence (28 April 2006). "Pontiac fever: an operational definition for epidemiological studies"

Eberth's findings were verified by Robert Koch: Koch, Robert (1881) "Zur Untersuchung von pathogen Organismen" Archived 2017-04-23 at the Wayback Machine (On the investigation of pathogenic organisms), Mitteilungen aus dem Kaiserlichen Gesundheitsamte, 1 : 1–49; see p. 45. Archived2017-04-23 at the Wayback Machi

"Sir Almroth Edward Wright". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 2013-11-11

. "Library and Archive Catalogue". Royal Society. Retrieved 1 November 2010.

Medical lessons from World War I underscore need to keep developing antimicrobial drugs". MinnPost. 2014-11-11. Archived from the original on 30 January 2016. Retrieved 8 September 2017

Dulsi Fatima,Armugam,Immunology,Saras publication, Nagerkoil, Kanyakumari, DT, Tamilnadu, India

C A Dinarello, H A Bernheim, G W Duff, H V Le, T L Nagabhushan, N C Hamilton, and F Coceani Mechanisms of fever induced by recombinant human interferon, J Clin Invest. 1984 Sep; 74(3): 906–913.

Samuels DS, Radolf JD, eds. (2010). Borrelia: Molecular Biology, Host Interaction and Pathogenesis. Caister Academic Press

Joseph E. McDade (1990). "Historical aspects of Q Fever". In Thomas J. Marrie (ed.). Q Fever, Volume I: The Disease. CRC Press. p. 8.

Wyatt HV (2015). "The Strange Case of Temi Zammit's missing experiments" Journal of Maltese History. Malta: Department of History, University of Malta. 4 (2): 54–56. ISSN 2077-4338. Archived from the original on 2016-07-21.

History: World TB Day". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 12 December 2016.

Archived from the original on 7 December 2018. Retrieved 23 March2019.

J. H. Humphery, RG. White, Immunology for students of Medicine, ELBS,

Connie R Mahon, Donald C Lehman, George Manuselis, Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology 5 Ed, Elsevier, 2015

Issar Smith* Mycobacterium tuberculosis Pathogenesis and Molecular Determinants of Virulence, Clin Microbiol Rev. 2003 Jul; 16(3): 463–496

John Macleod, Davidson's Principles and Practice of Medicine, Fourteenth edition, ELBS

Dinarello CA, Porat R (2018). "Chapter 15: Fever". In Jameson JL, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Loscalzo, J (eds.). Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 1–2 (20th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 9781259644030. Retrieved 31 March 2020.

Evans SS, Repasky EA, Fisher DT (June 2015). "Fever and the thermal regulation of immunity: the immune system feels the heat". Nature Reviews. Immunology. 15 (6): 335–49.

Andrews W.H., Jacobson A., and Hammack T.S. (2011) Salmonella. In Bacteriological Analytical Manual. U.S. Food and Drug Administration;

Bailey J.S., Fedorka-Cray P.J., Stern N.J., Craven S.E., Cox N.A., and Cosby D.E. (2002) Serotyping and ribotyping of Salmonella using restriction enzyme PvuII . J Food Prot 65: 1005–1007

Brown E.W. (2001) Molecular differentiation of bacterial strains In Molecular Epidemiology. A Practical Approach. Carrington M., editor; and Hoelzel A.R., editor. (eds). London: Oxford University Press, pp. 11–41.

Ribot E.M., Fair M.A., Gautom R., Cameron D.N., Hunter S.B., Swaminathan B., and Barrett T.J. (2006) Standardization of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis protocols for the subtyping of Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and Shigella for PulseNet. Foodborne Pathog Dis 3: 59–67.

Swaminathan B., Barrett T.J., Hunter S.B., Tauxe R.V., and Force C.D.C.P.T.

RAGHAVENDRA RAO MV*, DILIP MATHAI†, MOHAMMED KHALEEL‡, KHIZER HUSSAIN JUNAIDY#, JITHENDRA KUMAR NAIK¥, ABRAR A KHAN$,Typhoid Fever – An Overview Good Hygiene is the Key to Prevent Typhoid Fever, Indian Journal of Clinical Practice, Vol. 31, No. 1, June 2020

Papadakis M A, McPhee SJ, Rabow, M. 2020 Current Medical Diagnosis and Treatment PDF book. McGraw Hill Education. Pages 3091-3, 3383-3493.

Grief SN, Loza JK. Guidelines for the Evaluation and Treatment of Pneumonia. Prim Care. 2018;45(3):485-503. doi:10.1016/j.pop.2018.04.001

Kalil AC, Metersky ML, Klompas M, et al. Management of adults with hospital-acquired and ventilator-associated pneumonia: 2016 clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American Thoracic Society. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;63(5):e61–11

Nelson RL, Suda KJ, Evans CT. Antibiotic treatment for Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;3(3):CD004610. Published 2017 Mar 3. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004610.pub5

Additional Files

Published

15-09-2020

How to Cite

Dr. M.V. Raghavendra Rao, Jattavathu Madhavi, Dilip Mathai, Vijay Kumar, Chennam Chetty, Abrar Khan, Srinivasa Rao, Tiara Calvo, Gil Apacible, Frank Michael Navarrete, & Abigail Apacible. (2020). HOW DO BACTERIA CAUSE PYREXIA? (FROM DROPLETS TO ZOONOTIC). International Education and Research Journal (IERJ), 6(9). Retrieved from https://ierj.in/journal/index.php/ierj/article/view/2137

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 > >>